Senin, 23 November 2015
Employment in Paris
According
to the 2011 census, 59.0 percent of the Paris metropolitan area workforce is in
commerce, transportation, and market services: 26.8 percent worked in
non-market services (public administration, education, human health and social
work activities); 8.6 percent worked in manufacturing, mining, and utilities;
5.3 percent worked in construction; 0.3 percent worked in agriculture.
The
majority of Paris's salaried employees fill 370,000 businesses services jobs,
concentrated in the north-western 8th, 16th and 17th arrondissements. Paris's
financial service companies are concentrated in the central-western 8th and 9th
arrondissement banking and insurance district. Paris's department store district
in the 1st, 6th, 8th and 9th arrondissements employ 10 percent of mostly female
Paris workers, with 100,000 of these registered in the retail trade. Fourteen percent of Parisians work in hotels
and restaurants and other services to individuals. Nineteen percent of
Paris employees work for the State in either in administration or education.
The majority of Paris's healthcare and social workers work at the hospitals and
social housing concentrated in the peripheral 13th, 14th, 18th, 19th and 20th
arrondissements. Outside Paris, the western Hauts-de-Seine department La Défense district
specialising in finance, insurance and scientific research district, employs
144,600, and the north-eastern Seine-Saint-Denis audiovisual sector has
200 media firms and 10 major film studios.
Paris's
manufacturing is mostly focused in its suburbs, and the city itself has only
around 75,000 manufacturing workers, most of which are in the textile,
clothing, leather goods and shoe trades. Paris region manufacturing
specialises in transportation, mainly automobiles, aircraft and trains, but
this is in a sharp decline: Paris proper manufacturing jobs dropped by 64
percent between 1990 and 2010, and the Paris region lost 48 percent during the
same period. Most of this is due to companies relocating outside the Paris
region. The Paris region's 800 aerospace companies employed 100,000. Four
hundred automobile industry companies employ another 100,000 workers: many of
these are centred in the Yvelines department around the Renault and PSA-Citroen
plants (this department alone employs 33,000), but the industry as a whole
suffered a major loss with the 2014 closing of a major Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroen
assembly plant.
The
southern Essonne department
specialises in science and technology, and the south-eastern Val-de-Marne,
with its wholesale Rungis food market,
specialises in food processing and beverages. The Paris region's manufacturing
decline is quickly being replaced by eco-industries: these employ about 100,000
workers. In 2011, while only 56,927 construction workers worked in Paris
itself, its metropolitan area employed 246,639, in an activity
centred largely around the Seine-Saint-Denis (41,378) andHauts-de-Seine (37,303) departments
and the new business-park centres appearing there.
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